Oracle Database 11gR2 on CentOS 6.5安裝記錄

Posted on 2014-01-21 by forink

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1.先設定CentOS上的JAVA環境，可參閱管理CentOS上的JAVA環境建置與管理

2. 安裝相關套件

1	yum -y install compat-libstdc++* gcc-c++* glibc* libaio* libstdc++* unixODBC* elfutils-libelf-devel*

3. 預先建立oracle帳號，並建立oinstall、dba、oper群組，並指定給oracle (主群組設定為oinstall)

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

groupadd asmdba

groupadd asmoper

groupadd asmadmin

useradd --gid oinstall --groups dba,oper,asmdba,asmoper,asmadmin oracle

passwd oracle

4. 預先建立Oracle安裝路徑，並設定所在路徑的擁有者為oracle

1 2	[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 [root@localhost opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt

5. 設定系統參數，編輯/etc/profile，新增以下段落，並在 PATH變數中新增$ORACLE_HOME/bin

# Oracle

TMP=/tmp

TMPDIR=$TMP

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_SID=orcl

export TMP TMPDIR ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

6. 修改 /etc/security/limits.conf，在最下方加入下列內容 ( 若跟原有資料重複的話，請記得刪除舊值 )：

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

7. 下載 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Linux x86-64版本

[oracle@localhost Downloads]$ ll

總計 2295600

-rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oracle 1239269270 2014-01-06 16:22 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

-rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oracle 1111416131 2014-01-06 16:23 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

8. 解壓縮

[oracle@localhost Downloads]$ unzip -oq "linux.x64_11gR2_database*.zip"

2 archives were successfully processed.

[oracle@localhost Downloads]$ ls

database linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

[oracle@localhost Downloads]$ cd database/

[oracle@localhost database]$ ls

doc install response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html

9. 設定環境變數，若CentOS為非英文版，沒做這一步，安裝畫面會出現方框亂碼

1 2	[oracle@localhost database]$ export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 [oracle@localhost database]$ export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

10. 執行安裝，若出現 “Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set.” 的錯誤，請見解決方法

[oracle@localhost database]$ sh runInstaller

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 43899 MB Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 3023 MB Passed

Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2014-01-06_05-03-34PM. Please wait ...

11. 安裝畫面，沒輸入Email會出現錯誤，但不影響安裝作業

12. 選擇第一項新建資料庫及其設定

13. 選擇安裝桌面或伺服器的版本

14. 設定安裝位置，本例中設定為剛剛設定的ORACLE_HOME位置

15. 維持預設值即可

16. 檢查相依的Library，可以先點選中間的 “Fix & Check Again” 按鈕查看驗證結果，
並依其指示進行修正。

17. 依其指示進行修正。

[root@localhost ~]# sh /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh

Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.response

Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.enable

Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/orarun.log

Setting Kernel Parameters...

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 6815744

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

uid=500(oracle) gid=503(oinstall) groups=503(oinstall),500(oracle),502(dba),504(oper)

18. 參照此篇所示，部分packages 產生的錯誤是可以略過不處理的：

libaio-0.3.105 (i386)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (i386)
libaio-devel-0.3.105 (i386)
libgcc-3.4.6 (i386)
libstdc++-3.4.6 (i386)
unixODBC-2.2.11 (i386)
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (i386)
pdksh-5.2.14

19. 最後確認，點選完成後開始進行安裝

21. 安裝完成後，跳出Configuration Assistant，
Web版的管理工具 Oracle Enterprise Manager 的網址預設為 https://localhost:1158/em，
不過在啟動前還需要做一些設定，不然是看不到的

22. 執行設定Scripts進行環境配置

[root@localhost ~]# sh /opt/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /opt/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /opt/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@localhost ~]# sh /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root.sh script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

23. 設定$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

修改以下內容，若HOST設定為127.0.0.1，記得要改成localhost或固定IP，
避免無法監聽Client端的連線的問題。

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle

24. 切換至oracle帳號，啟動Oracle監聽器

[root@localhost ~]# su oracle -

[oracle@localhost root]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 07-JAN-2014 17:03:33

Starting /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias LISTENER

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date 07-JAN-2014 17:03:35

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level off

Security ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

1 2	[oracle@localhost ~]# tnslsnr start [oracle@localhost ~]#

25. 連接資料庫

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jan 7 17:09:18 2014

Connected to an idle instance.

26. 直接以startup啟動資料庫（關閉資料庫則使用 shutdown immediate）

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytes

Fixed Size 2212856 bytes

Variable Size 754977800 bytes

Database Buffers 452984832 bytes

Redo Buffers 9084928 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

或逐步啟動資料庫以進行偵錯

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytes

Fixed Size 2212856 bytes

Variable Size 754977800 bytes

Database Buffers 452984832 bytes

Redo Buffers 9084928 bytes

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

27. 設定EM之配置 (Oracle Enterprise Manager)

[oracle@localhost ~]$ emca -config dbcontrol db

啟動 EMCA 的時間 2014/1/7 下午 05:30:43

EM 組態輔助程式, 版本 11.2.0.0.2 Production 版

請輸入下列資訊:

資料庫 SID: orcl

監聽器連接埠號碼: 1521

監聽器 ORACLE_HOME [ /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ]:

SYS 使用者密碼:

DBSNMP 使用者密碼:

SYSMAN 使用者密碼:

通知的電子郵件地址 (選擇性):

通知的外送郵件 (SMTP) 伺服器 (選擇性):

-----------------------------------------------------------------

您已指定下列設定值

資料庫 ORACLE_HOME ................ /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

本機主機名稱 ................ 127.0.0.1

監聽器 ORACLE_HOME ................ /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

監聽器連接埠號碼 ................ 1521

資料庫 SID ................ orcl

通知的電子郵件地址 ...............

通知的外送郵件 (SMTP) 伺服器 ...............

-----------------------------------------------------------------

要繼續? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y

2014/1/7 下午 05:31:33 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform

資訊: 已將這項作業記錄於 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/orcl/emca_2014_01_07_17_30_42.log.

2014/1/7 下午 05:31:35 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig uploadConfigDataToRepository

資訊: 正在將組態資料上傳至 EM 儲存區域 (可能需要一些時間) ...

2014/1/7 下午 05:32:31 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke

資訊: 已順利上傳組態資料

2014/1/7 下午 05:32:33 oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil configureSoftwareLib

資訊: 已經設定軟體程式庫.

2014/1/7 下午 05:32:33 oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil configureSoftwareLib

資訊: EM_SWLIB_STAGE_LOC (值) 將被忽略.

2014/1/7 下午 05:32:33 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibrary

資訊: 正在建置啟動設定存檔 ...

2014/1/7 下午 05:33:04 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibrary

資訊: 已順利建置啟動設定存檔.

2014/1/7 下午 05:33:04 oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsole

資訊: 正在保護 Database Control (可能需要一些時間) ...

2014/1/7 下午 05:33:14 oracle.sysman.emcp.util.PlatformInterface executeCommand

警告: 執行 /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl config emkey -repos 時發生錯誤

2014/1/7 下午 05:33:14 oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsole

警告: 設定 EM 金鑰失敗.

2014/1/7 下午 05:33:14 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration

警告: 保護 Database Control 時發生錯誤.

2014/1/7 下午 05:33:14 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig setWarnMsg

資訊: 保護 Database Control 時發生錯誤, Database Control 在非安全模式啟動. 若要保護 Database Control, 請執行下列命令:

1) 將環境變數 ORACLE_SID 設成 orcl

2) /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl stop dbconsole

3) /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl config emkey -repos -sysman_pwd < SYSMAN 使用者密碼 >

4) /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl secure dbconsole -sysman_pwd < SYSMAN 使用者密碼 >

5) /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl start dbconsole

若要保護「EM 金鑰」, 請執行 /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl config emkey -remove_from_repos -sysman_pwd < SYSMAN 使用者密碼 >

2014/1/7 下午 05:33:14 oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMS

資訊: 正在啟動 Database Control (可能需要一些時間) ...

2014/1/7 下午 05:33:47 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration

資訊: 已順利啟動 Database Control

2014/1/7 下午 05:33:47 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration

資訊: >>>>>>>>>>> Database Control URL 是 http://127.0.0.1:5500/em <<<<<<<<<<<

保護 Database Control 時發生錯誤, Database Control 在非安全模式啟動. 若要保護 Database Control, 請執行下列命令:

1) 將環境變數 ORACLE_SID 設成 orcl

2) /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl stop dbconsole

3) /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl config emkey -repos -sysman_pwd < SYSMAN 使用者密碼 >

4) /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl secure dbconsole -sysman_pwd < SYSMAN 使用者密碼 >

5) /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl start dbconsole

若要保護「EM 金鑰」, 請執行 /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl config emkey -remove_from_repos -sysman_pwd < SYSMAN 使用者密碼 >

[oracle@localhost ~]$

28. 執行 “emctl start dbconsole” 啟動EM (關閉指令為 “emctl stop dbconsole” )

[root@localhost ~]# emctl start dbconsole

Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0

https://127.0.0.1:5500/em/console/aboutApplication https://127.0.0.1:5500/em/console/aboutApplication

- An instance of Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control is already running.

29. 開啟瀏覽器，連結https://localhost:1158/em，輸入剛才設定的帳號和密碼，
即可進入Oracle Enterprise Manager的Web管理畫面

30. 若要使用SQL Developer連線，( SQL Developer可至Oracle官網進行下載 )

可在選單 “檔案” > “新建…” > “資料庫連線”，填入以下的連線資料，測試、儲存並連線

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